Tuesday, 12 February 2013

Business Ethics Assignment 2

The Ethics of Human Cloning



   The latest technological developments in the field of bio engineering has allowed specialist to proceed with the successful cloning of organisms. Bioengineering has certainly opened doors to science that people have never considered before but this has also come with attached controversy. There are many ethical issues of cloning that are being discussed nowadays and here one can learn more about them.

   Most of the ethical issues of cloning be it in animals or humans have been raised by the religious organizations. They all strongly oppose cloning as according to the religious belief life begins at conception and that life cannot be created artificially but from the unity of a man and female. At the same time, the all together religious organizations argue against therapeutic cloning as well because, as mentioned above, they are guided by the idea that life starts at the conception and once the embryo exists it must be treated as a person, and thus destroying embryos and using them only for the purpose of research is not consistent with the religious view on the issue. 



Reference

http://www.bioarts.com/team_ji.htm


What are the consideration of ethical in Religious, Law, and Public Policy Perspectives in cloning human being?

Religious

   This was especially important because religious traditions influence and shape the moral views of many citizens and religious teachings over the centuries have provided an important source of ideas and inspiration. Although in a pluralistic society particular religious views cannot be determinative for public policy decisions that bind everyone, policy makers should understand and show respect for diverse moral ideas regarding the acceptability of cloning of human beings in this new manner.

    Although some religious responses to the cloning of human beings through somatic cell nuclear transfer are tied tightly to particular scriptural texts or other faith commitments, often these ideas can be stated forcefully in terms understandable and persuasive to all persons, irrespective of specific religious beliefs. For example, appeal may be made to a view of human nature or of human reason, rather than exclusively to a religious source of knowledge such as scripture or revelation.

Law, and Public Policy 

   The public policy chosen with respect to the cloning of human beings that is somatic cell nuclear transfer should reflect a keen knowledge of the science, our best judgments about the ethics of attempting such an experiment, and our traditions regarding limitations on individual actions in the name of the common good. This era, relative to earlier generations,have a wide interest in and substantial knowledge of science. One of the public community believes that public debate about issues such as human cloning requires an even more educated populace. Science policy has become public policy, which can be decided wisely only by an informed nation.

   The tradition has been to avoid prohibiting or regulating personal activities, absent a compelling reason related to effects on others or society as a whole. Where the individual actions are expressions of fundamental rights, such as the right to free speech or the right to privacy, the reasons for limitation must be compelling, and the limitations made as minimal as possible. The possibility of cloning human beings in this new fashion appears to raise concerns about direct physical harms to the children who may result. This in itself is sufficient to justify a In its discussion of potential policy options, it's considered the relative benefits of achieving an immediate prohibition through federal legislation on cloning human beings using somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques. It also considered more indirect means to deter such experiments.


Innovation Management Assignment 2

Oliver Wyman’s “Car Innovation 2015” 

   “Stagnation means regression” to innovation management in the automotive industry. All of the auto executives whom Oliver Wyman interviewed in the course of the study were convinced that innovation was one of the most important success factors to maintaining a strong competitive position in the auto market. Innovation is also a key to resolving most of the global challenges that the industry faces. Without innovations by the auto industry, the entire concept of individual mobility is put at risk.



Will the long duration of innovation worth it?

   Long-range plan to innovation strategies are linked to each of these megatrends. Take the aging society. It is likely to have a powerful effect on fashion cycles, technology penetration and even societal ideals. In ten years, the average customer will be significantly older than today and will have a very different set of needs. In order to succeed, technologies must be both easy to use and easy to understand by older consumers. 

   The ongoing specialization in engineering and manufacturing will cause technological product differentiation among manufacturers to continuously decrease. Creative ways of innovation is a necessary technique to better control the increasing complexity of cars. Car manufacturers will focus their innovation efforts on module interfaces and on modules’ brand-defining features (for example, security for Volvo, comfort for Mercedes-Benz, reliability for Toyota), and will outsource the safety issues to suppliers.

   In the majority of markets, the average new-car buyer is 40 years old. By 2015, that age is expected to increase by four years. Developing cars for this target group does not mean building “old-age cars.” It means equipping cars with design and handling features that the target group will find useful, exciting and desirable that is without sacrificing the model’s overall statement. A car designed for an older target group might feature:
  • Ergonomically designed boarding, loading and seating solutions
  • Visual aids for better night and rain vision
  • Easy-to-use functions even for complicated devices
  • Timeless design features
  • Speed and special attention recommendation displays
  • Side and rear-view cameras
  • Customized mobility services


   The cars is also be invented for megacities. In 2015, 40 percent of the world population will live in cities with more than one million residents, 17 percent will live in megacities with more than five million residents. The cruising speed in these cities will average not more than six miles per hour while the typical driver will use his or her car three hours a day. Car design for this environment will take a very different approach from that of current vehicles. Some new focal points will be:

  • Easy switching between relaxation and driving positions
  • Emphasis on passenger entertainment and information systems
  • Automation of stop-and-go traffic situations
  • Tinted mirror of passengers from outside viewers
  • Protection of passengers from attacks
  • Effective smog protection and air conditioning

References
http://www.oliverwyman.com/automotive.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Wyman

Wednesday, 6 February 2013

Business Ethics Assignment

QUESTION
  1. Definition of business ethics and why business ethics is considered "oxymoron"
  2. Definition of corporate governance market and ethical product or service like halal food and service
ANSWER

Definition of Business Ethics

   Is the study of business situations, activities, and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed.

   It is worth stressing that by ‘ right’ and ‘wrong’ that mean morally right and wrong, as opposed to, for example, commercially, strategically, or financially right or wrong. Moreover, by business ethics, we do not mean only commercial business, but also government organizations, pressure groups, not -for-profit business, charities, and other organizations.

Reference 

Business Ethics textbook from Oxford


Business Ethics by James Fieser 


Business ethics usually mean three things that is matter that is;


  • Avoid breaking criminal law in one's work related activity
  • Avoid action that may result in civil law suits against the company
  • Avoid actions that are bad for the company image. 

   Businesses are especially concerned with these three things since they involve loss of money and company reputation. In theory, a business could address these three concerns by assigning corporate attorneys and public relations experts to escort employees on their daily activities. Anytime an employee might stray from the straight and narrow path of acceptable conduct, the experts would guide him back. Obviously this solution would be a financial disaster if carried out in practice since it would cost a business more in attorney and public relations fees than they would save from proper employee conduct.  








Why business ethics is considered "oxymoron"
   Business ethics, it has been claimed to be an oxymoron. But first we should understand what is oxymoron. the definition of oxymoron is;

   The combination together of two apparently contradictory concepts, such as in 'a cheerful pessimist' or 'a deafening silence'.

   The one claim that business ethics is an oxymoron suggest that that are not, or cannot be, ethics in business. That business in some way unethical because there were claim that business is inherently bad. It is not surprising that some people think this way. Various scandal concerning undesirable business activities, such as polluting of rivers with industrial chemicals, the exploit of sweatshop workers, the payment of bribes to government official, and the deception of unwary consumer, have highlighted the unethical way in which some firm have gone with their business.

   For examples, in the letter case, Albert Carr (1968) argued in his article 'Is Business Bluffing Ethical' that the 'game' of business as analogous to a game of poker, where deception and lying were perfectly permissible.

Reference 
Business Ethics textbook from Oxford


Business Ethics: an Oxymoron?

   Now days the way business is done is different.While it is acceptance that is foolish to do business with someone who is not trustworthy, the question is can you accept someone who is not ethical in their behaviour. It is like jumping in the lake with a bunch of crocodile in it when you do business with suppliers or customer that will not honour your business well. To do business must have trust and trust is only built on expectation of truth in words and consistency in behaviour.

   Another issue challenging the practice of good business ethics is the values which employees bring to the work environment. Much has been said over the years about the deterioration of employees’ work ethics. The impact of poor work ethics results in low productivity owed to high levels of absenteeism, tardiness, theft and acceptance of bribe taking. Unfortunately many employees seem not to understand the concept of conflict of interest nor see anything wrong with it. 

   The conclusion is, implementation of a formal business ethics can give an improved culture at a company, and improved overall performance. Ethics in business should not be taken lightly and we believe that such a programme is well worth practising for the growth and development of business.


Reference 
http://chamber.org.tt/articles/business-ethics-an-oxymoron/


Definition of Corporate Governance market



   The system of rules, practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of the many stakeholders in a company, these include its;
  • shareholders
  • management 
  • customers
  • suppliers 
  • financiers 
  • government and 
  • the community   
   Since corporate governance also provides the framework for attaining a company's objectives, it encompasses practically every spot of management, from action plans and internal controls to performance measurement and corporate disclosure.


Reference 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_governance
http://corpgov.net/
http://www.managementstudyguide.com/corporate-governance.htm

Sunday, 3 February 2013

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Innovation Management Assignment

Why Malaysia has to be innovative to compete globally and what is GENOVASI?


Innovation?

   Innovation is the development of new customers value through solutions that meet new needs, in articulate needs, or old customer and market needs in value adding new ways. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments, and society. Innovation differs from invention in that innovation refers to the use of a better and, as a result, novel idea or method, whereas invention refers more directly to the creation of the idea or method itself. Innovation differs from improvement in that innovation refers to the notion of doing something different rather than doing the same thing better. The top 5 why someone or some organization has to be innovation;

  • economic growth
  • the progression of human being
  • competitive advantages
  • desire for higher business revenue
  • to take advantage of opportunity



 
Why Malaysia has to be innovation to compete globally  

   The word is changing. Knowledge societies demand flexibility and quick adaptability of the labor force to constant changes in increasingly interconnected reality. The demands of work life skills are very different from what they used to be at the beginning and it is one of the reason why Malaysia has to be innovation to compete globally.

   The other reason is that the country is endowed with wealth but isn’t utilizing it properly, putting it in danger of standing still or even regression as the rest of the world advances.

   Innovation needs to be focused on wealth creation and society’s well being, he said, and Malaysia(AIM) needs to become globally competitive. AIM has identified four pillars that the education system, higher learning institutions, government, and industry all of which need to work together, abandon their silo mentality and foster the country’s natural talent for the benefit of all.

   Some might say that if a country needs a special government body to highlight the need for innovation in these obvious areas, then it might indeed have an innovation problem. And it’s always our opinion here that too many government programs can stifle progress in the long run, no matter how well-intentioned they are. 

   But Malaysia does not suffer from a lack of talent. It’s a matter of being able to adapt that talent more to suit the economy’s present needs. Malaysia’s new Talent Corp is already playing its part by identifying key needs and attracting Malaysian talent back home, and hopefully AIM will build on their efforts.

Genovasi

   Genovasi is a combination of the Malay words "generasi" and "inovasi". It aims to progressively train the ambassadors over a five-year period so they can eventually take the lead in spurring progress, a better quality of life and solutions for the nation. Genovasi would partner with global innovation leaders to impart innovation, skills, experties and methodologies to the new generation of Malaysian innovation ambassadors.


PM : GENOVASI TO PRODUCE 5,000 YOUNG AMBASSADORS TO SPUR COUNTRY'S PROGRESS
PM who announced the new unit, said Genovasi would partner with global innovation leaders to impart innovation, skills, expertise and methodologies to the new generation of Malaysian innovation ambassadors.
“Genovasi will be launched early next year and I expect it to be granted university status within five years. A board of visionaries will guide and advise Genovasi,” he said in his speech after attending a dialogue session with several leaders in innovation at the Perdana Putra building here yesterday.
The Prime Minister said Genovasi would be set up as an innovation organisation where bright young minds would have tangible opportunities to receive induction into innovation.